About Kolkata - History, population and other facts Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It was also the former capital of British India (1772–1911). It is one of the major metropolitan cities of India as well as one of its major ports. The city of Kolkata is centered on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, which was once the main channel of the Ganges (Ganga) River. Kolkata is the major urban center of eastern India and is a city of commerce, transport and construction. The government of West Bengal officially changed the name of the city to Kolkata in the year 2001. Once established as a grand European capital by the colonial British, Kolkata is today one of India's poorest and most populous regions. In other words, today it has grown into a city of sharp contrasts. Kolkata has had to assimilate strong European influences and transcend the boundaries of its colonial heritage to find its unique identity.If seen, at a glance th...